Blog

The detection modes of photoelectric sensor are divided into the following categories: opposite type, reflective plate type, polarizing reflective plate type, direct opposite type, wide beam type, focused mode, fixed-field type and adjustable-field type. Ultrasonic sensor includes two detection mode of opposite type and proximity.

Opposite type
Transmitter and receiver of the opposite detection mode are installed in an opposite mode, the light from the transmitter aims at the receiver directly. When the object blocks the beam, output of the sensor changes to indicate that the detected object is detected.
Reflective plate type
In the reflective plate detection mode, a sensor has both transmitter and receiver. The light emitted from the transmitter shines upon the reflective plate, the reflected light returns to the receiver. When the object blocks the beam, the detected object is detected.

What are the general debugging steps of the automatic transfer switch?

1. Put the double power on the adjustment table and connect the phase line and neutral line ( zero line).
2. For three-pole switch connection, the common and spare zero line need to be connected to zero line terminal (NN and RN).
3. After connecting lines, recheck the lines and then turn on the master switch of the commissioning table, turn on the common and standby power supply. 

In addition to comprehensive parameter testing and effective screening of relays, proper use of relays is also an effective way to improve the reliability of relays. Conversely, improper use will shorten the life of the relay. How to improve the reliability of the relay? Here are some suggestions for your reference.

• Reasonable selection of the working voltage of the relay
  The pull-in voltage of the relay is generally only one-half to two-thirds of its rated working voltage. However, when using the relay, it must work at its rated working voltage, but not the pull-in voltage as the working voltage. This is because, under the condition of the pull-in voltage, although the relay has been operated, the pressure between the moving contacts has not reached the specified value, which will cause the contact resistance between the contacts to be too large, if the contact at high current conditions, when working, it will increase the contact power, which will easily lead to contact ablation and shorten the working life.

Angle of measurement

In order to ensure accurate measurement, keep the infrared thermometer following the surface normal direction of the measured object as possible in measurement (perpendicular to the target surface). If you fail to guarantee the instrument in the normal direction, it is supposed to measure in 45 degree angles with the normal direction, otherwise the displayed value of the infrared thermometer will be low.

Industrial Personal Computer is called industrial PC for short, it's mainly used in the industrial production; Normal computer is called PC for short and is mainly used in personnel or business. Because of the different applications, the technical requirements are different. Ordinary household or office computer is a civil class, while the industrial PC is a industrial level, which has special requirements in structure and other aspects.
On the appearance, the normal computers are open with many heat dissipation holes on the appearance, only a power fan is used to blow outwards to dissipate heat. However, the industrial PC case is completely closed and it's much heavier than the normal computer, meaning that its material is thicker and stronger. It not only has a fan inside, but also another fan to ensure the positive pressure in the case.

Industrial PC is called industrial control computer for full, it is a computer specially designed for industrial control, and is used to monitor and control the machine equipment, production process and data parameters in the production of industrial control computers.
Industrial PC often runs in a bad environment and has higher requirements on the data security, so industrial PC usually has special design, such as reinforcement, dustproof, moisture-proof, anti-corrosion and radiation protection.
Industrial PC also has higher demand for expansibility, the interface design needs to meet specific external devices, so the industrial PC needs to be customized to meet the demand in most cases.
We should know the following clearly on how to choose an industrial PC: which equipment is the industrial PC used; if the communication interface of the industrial PC is sufficient; whether the product quality is up to the standard.

What is the fiber optic sensor

Fiber optic sensor is a medium that transmits light waves by the principle of complete internal reflection of light, it consists of a core and cladding with a high refractive index. The refractive index of the cladding is smaller than that of the core, and its diameter is about 0.1mm～0.2mm. When the light penetrates into the fiber core through the end face and reaching the interface with the cladding, the light is reflected back to the fiber core due to the complete internal reflection of the light. After constant reflection, the light propagates along the fiber core and has only a slight attenuation. In actual detection process, the fiber optic sensor guides the light emitted by the transmitter to the detection point through light-guide fiber, and then guides the detected optical signal to the receiver through light-guide fiber, the detection is thereof realized. According to the different manner of execution, the fiber optic sensor can also be divided into various types, such as opposite type, diffuse reflectance type. Fiber optic sensor can detect objects in the far area. Due to the fiber loss and fiber dispersion, the intermediate amplifier shall be set at a proper position for long-distance fiber transmission system, so as to process and amplify the attenuated and distorted light pulse signals.

Whether low-voltage circuit breakers are installed properly, which will directly affect its performance and safety. Generally pay attention as follows:

1. Before installation, the technical parameters listed on the nameplate of the low-voltage circuit breaker should be checked for compliance with the requirements.
2. Low voltage circuit breakers should be installed vertically, and the wired in front of the board are allowed to be mounted on metal brackets or metal backplanes, but the low-voltage circuit breakers that are wired behind the board must be mounted on the insulating base plate. The bracket or bottom plate of the fixed low-voltage circuit breaker must be flat to prevent damage to the insulating base when the screws are tightened. In order to prevent accidents caused by arcing, the copper busbar of the low-voltage circuit breaker should be packed with 200mm insulation or phase-interval arc plate from the insulation base.

How does a transformer work? Transformers mainly applies electromagnetic induction principle to work, the working principle details are as follows: When the primary side of the transformer is applied with the alternating voltage U1 and the current flowing through the primary winding is I1, then the current will generate alternating magnetic flux in the iron core to generate electromagnetic connections between the primary winding and the secondary windings.

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), aka variable speed drive (VSD), generally it's using for controlling 3-phase AC motor in variable speeds. It's important to know, control 1-phase motor speed by a VFD may cause overheat of the motor, as well as the service life. It's recommended to upgrade the motor to three phase AC motor, which you can also connect the 3-phase motor to single phase power supply by using a single phase to three phase VFD, then control the speeds. Anyway, in technical it's possible to use a VFD for single phase motor speed controls, here ATO will show you details about running a single phase motor on a VFD.

Brushless DC motor consists of the motor and drive, is a typical mechatronic product. The stator windings of the motor are mostly made using three-phase symmetrical star connection, which is very similar to the three-phase asynchronous motor. Magnetically charged permanent magnets are attached to the rotor of the motor. In order to detect the polarity of the motor rotor, a position sensor is provided in the motor.

Power supply is an important part of the circuit design, and the stability of the power supply determines the stability of the circuit to a large extent. Linear power supply and switching power supply are two common power supplies, and they have a great difference in the principles which determine the difference between the two applications.

For wirings of three phase shunt capacitors or three phase capacitor banks composed of three single phase shunt capacitors, the most commonly used are star and triangle wirings. Star wiring includes single star wiring and double star wiring while triangle wiring includes single triangle wiring and double triangle wiring. The double triangle wiring is gradually eliminated due to complicated wiring and high cost. Low voltage shunt capacitors mostly use triangular wiring and high voltage shunt capacitors, especially for high voltage shunt capacitors with large capacity, mostly use star wiring.

Self-healing type low voltage shunt capacitor is suitable for the AC power system with working frequency 50Hz or 60Hz, rated voltage 1000V and below and is connected in parallel with load, in order to improve the power factor of system and reduce line loss, improving the voltage quality. It is widely used to improve the efficiency of power supply equipment, local compensation of the inductive equipment such as motor and transformer and electric furnace, electric traction engine, UPS systems and power system harmonic filtration and other aspects.

It is found that the speed of air compressor motor is proportional to the actual consumed power of the air compressor. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the motor speed in order to reduce the actual consumption of the air compressor. The use of VFD in air compressor system can realize the real time control of motor speed (output power) without changing the air compressor motor torque through the accurate coordination of electrical control and frequency control in the air compressor system. To change the compressor speed to respond to the system pressure changes and to maintain stable system pressure can realize the output of high quality air pressure according to demand.

When a current spike or voltage surge suddenly occurs in an electrical circuit or a communication line due to external interference like lightning, surge protection device (SPD) can conduct the shunt in a very short time, thereby avoiding the damage of the surge to other equipment in the circuit. It is an indispensable device for lightning protection in the electronic equipment. But some people are still wondering why we need it, or whether need it when we have other lightning protection device? The following FAQ will give your answer for "Why you need a surge protection device".

In the actual use of some low pressure and medium pressure piston type portable air compressor, the two stage compression is often used. The intermediate cooler is set. After the cooling of high temperature air discharged from single stage compression, it is then inhaled into two stage cylinder for two stage compression so as to reach the required pressure. Adopt two stage compression, because if use single stage compression to obtain higher air pressure, the pressure ratio (the ratio of the exhaust pressure and suction pressure) is too large, so that the compression process.

In practical application, after human body intrudes into the range of safety light curtain, besides that safety light curtain needs certain response time, the machine also needs certain braking time. Therefore, to guarantee personal safety of operators, installation position of safety light curtain must meet requirements of safety distance. Otherwise, there is still the possibility of an accident.

Generally speaking, one of the commonly used methods to achieve precise linear positioning is to make a set of linear positioning system by pairing the motor with the sliding bar. Here we will discuss several different ways to create a linear actuator by using the sliding bar and stepper motor. The stepper motor is the most commonly used selection in the application of motor control because if the operation is correct, it is an economic solution that can achieve accurate positioning without the need of position feedback.
Stepper linear actuator can be divided into three types, external shaft type, non-captive shaft type and captive type.

All electrical equipments have their rated power. It is called overload when they surpass the rated power, and protection to the status is called overload protection. Protection to prevent internal short circuit of electrical equipment is called short circuit protection and zero-pressure is also called no-voltage protection. When there is power failure, circuit with the functions mentioned above will stop automatically and electric equipment will not start automatically when power is supplied next time. the purpose of the function is to prevent operating personnel forget cut off power source when there is power failure and electric equipment operate automatically next time when there is power and thus cause accidents. General contractor-controlled circuit has this function.